Bimodule structure of the mixed tensor product over Uqsℓ(2∣1)U_{q} s\ell(2|1) and quantum walled Brauer algebra

We study a mixed tensor product $\mathbf{3}^{\otimes m} \otimes \mathbf{\overline{3}}^{\otimes n}$ of the three-dimensional fundamental representations of the Hopf algebra $U_{q} s\ell(2|1)$, whenever $q$ is not a root of unity. Formulas for the decomposition of tensor products of any simple and projective $U_{q} s\ell(2|1)$-module with the generating modules $\mathbf{3}$ and $\mathbf{\overline{3}}$ are obtained. The centralizer of $U_{q} s\ell(2|1)$ on the chain is calculated. It is shown to be the quotient $\mathscr{X}_{m,n}$ of the quantum walled Brauer algebra. The structure of projective modules over $\mathscr{X}_{m,n}$ is written down explicitly. It is known that the walled Brauer algebras form an infinite tower. We have calculated the corresponding restriction functors on simple and projective modules over $\mathscr{X}_{m,n}$. This result forms a crucial step in decomposition of the mixed tensor product as a bimodule over $\mathscr{X}_{m,n}\boxtimes U_{q} s\ell(2|1)$. We give an explicit bimodule structure for all $m,n$.Comment: 43 pages, 5 figure

Mechanisms of Toll-like receptor tolerance induced by microbial ligands

Some microorganisms can develop tolerance. On the one hand, it allows pathogenic microbes to escape immune surveillance, on the other hand, it provides the possibility to microbiota representatives to colonize different biotopes and build a symbiotic relationship with the host. Complex regulatory interactions between innate and adaptive immune systems as well as stimulation by antigens help microbes control and maintain immunological tolerance. An important role in this process belongs to innate immune cells, which recognize microbial components through pattern-recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent the main class of these receptors. Despite the universality of the activated signaling pathways, different cellular responses are induced by interaction of TLRs with microbiota representatives and pathogenic microbes, and they vary during acute and chronic infection. The research on mechanisms underlying the development of TLR tolerance is significant, as the above receptors are involved in a wide range of infectious and noninfectious diseases; they also play an important role in development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The knowledge of TLR tolerance mechanisms can be critically important for development of TLR ligand-based therapeutic agents for treatment and prevention of multiple diseases

Possibilities of using branched-chain amino acids for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in elderly and old patients (literature review)

Due to the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly and old patients, early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its complications are relevant. Protein supplements can be used to maintain muscle strength and mass during aging. The possibility of using branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in geriatric patients is of scientific interest. BCAAs promote the synthesis and inhibit the degradation of muscle tissue proteins, are involved in the regulation of tissue sensitivity to insulin, ammonia utilization, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc.Search strategy. The search for scientific articles for literature review was carried out in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases. The selection criterion was scientific articles published up to December 2022. We used the following search keywords: “branched-chain amino acids”, “BCAA”, “body composition”, “sarcopenia”, “aging”. The 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Consensus was included in the list of articles.Conclusions. The possibility of using BCAAs in elderly and old patients for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is a relevant topic that continues to be actively studied. The effectiveness of BCAA supplementation in the diet is debatable as long as sufficient protein is consumed daily. On the other hand, BCAA supplementation may be justified in cases where it is not possible to consume enough high-quality protein in the diet. More research is needed on this topic

Evaluation of the quality of life of patients suffering oncological diseases at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation

The article deals with the regional features of the incidence of malignant tumors in the population, as well as the components of the quality of life of this group of patients. Socially-hygienic research carried out on the territory of Baikal region with the use of sociological, health and statistical and analytical methods. The quality of life of patients with cancer was evaluated on 4 functional scales: physical, role, emotional, social. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) the level of both primary and General morbidity of malignant tumors increases, the rate of cancer is reduced, due to the high preventive and medical activity of the population; 2) the quality of life of patients with malignant tumors is significantly higher in the group of patients with the first stage of the disease than in the groups with the second and third stage.В статье рассмотрены региональные особенности заболеваемости населения злокачественными новообразованиями, а также изучены компоненты качества жизни данной группы пациентов. Социальногигиеническое исследование проведено на территории Забайкальского края с применением социологического, санитарно-статистического и аналитического методов. Качество жизни пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями оценено по 4 функциональным шкалам: физической, ролевой, эмоциональной, социальной. В результате исследования получены следующие выводы: 1) уровень как первичной, так и общей заболеваемости населения злокачественными новообразованиями увеличивается, показатель онкозапущенности снижается, что обусловлено высокой профилактической и медицинской активностью населения; 2) качество жизни пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями достоверно выше в группе больных с первой стадией заболевания, чем в группах со второй и третьей стадией

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SEROLOGICAL MARKERS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease associated with the production of wide range of autoantibodies, and their detection has diagnostic and prognostic implication. The objective of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of antibodies against modified citrullinated vimentin (AMCV) and nuclear antigen RA33 of the IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) versus the value of routinely used profile of autoantibodies in diagnostic work-up of RA. Material and methods. 253 patients with RA prehistory of varying duration were included into the study group. The control group was comprised of 92 patients, including patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies and diffuse connective tissue diseases, as well as sex and age matched healthy controls. Serum levels of IgM and IgA RF, antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), ACMV, anti-keratin antibodies (AKA), antibodies against RA33 antigen (ARA33) and antinuclear factor (ANF) were measured in all patients and controls. Results and discussion. Diagnostic sensitivity of AMCV equaled 78%, ACCP — 77%, IgM RF — 71%, IgA RF — 43%, AKA — 43%, ARA33 — 31% and ANF — 31%. All anti-citrullinic antibodies (AKA, ACCP, ACMV) were significantly more commonly associated with IgM RF. Among RF and ACCP seronegative patients ACMV were found in 24% cases with 20 IU/Ml detection threshold, and in 21% — with 30 IU/Ml, allowing to increase diagnostic specificity of the test up to 91% with the increment of diagnostic threshold. Incidence of ARA33 was not significantly different among the RF and ACCP positive or negative subgroups, thus making ARA33 an independent RA marker. Specificity of this marker was 87,9%, thus making it inferior to RF and ACCP by a composite of diagnostic characteristics. Conclusions. Integrated measurement of ACMV and ARA33 is a rational approach at the second stage of serologic testing work-up in suspected cases of RA onset, when initial RF and ACCP tests were negative

Intraspecific Differentiation of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Strains Using Multilocus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The aim of the study was to develop a method for intraspecific differentiation of the tularemia microbe: subspecies tularensis (subpopulations AI and AII), holarctica (biovars japonica, EryS/R), mediasiatica, and novicida using multilocus real-time PCR. Materials and methods. We used 48 strains of F. tularensis of various subspecies, biovars, and subpopulations. Intraspecific appurtenance of the strains was carried out on the basis of the analysis of the RD-1 region variability applying PCR, the sdhA gene by Sanger fragment sequencing and by the disk diffusion method using disks with erythromycin. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software available at www.genscript.com and GeneRunner 6.5.52. Sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database. Results and discussion. New data on the structure and occurrence of the differentiation regions RD-8, RD-12, RD-28 of FTT1122c gene and its homologous sequences in strains of tularemia microbe of various subspecies have been obtained. Novel RDhm 346 bp in size, characteristic of strains of the subsp. mediasiatica, holarctica, which is deleted in subsp. tularensis and absent in subsp. novicida has been detected. Based on the detection of the FTT1670, FTT1122с, FTT1067, FTW_2084 loci, a multilocus real-time PCR has been developed – “F. tularensis 4c”, providing for identification of all subspecies of the tularemia microbe, separately for the biovar japonica of the Holarctic subspecies and subpopulations AI, AII of the subspecies tularensis. The PCR specificity was confirmed in the study of strains of tularemia microbe from the fund of the “State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria” at the premises of the Russian Reserarch Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The results obtained expand the concept of intraspecific genetic heterogeneity of tularemia microbe and possibilities of identifying the causative agent of tularemia using molecular-genetic methods. They are important for understanding the processes of adaptation of the pathogen to circulation in the host organism and environmental objects, the course of evolution and formation of new species of Francisella

Development of a Method for Determination of brucella suis Biovars Using Multilocus Real-time PCR

The aim of the study was to develop a methodological approach to determination of Brucella suis biovars through multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results.Materials and methods. We used 16 strains of B. suis of various biovars, B. neotomae and B. canis – 2 strains of each. Determination of the taxonomic affiliation of Brucella strains was carried out according to the Bruce-ladder, Suis-ladder, BRU-DIF protocols. The selection of primers and probes was performed using the software on the website www.genscript.com and the GeneRanner 6.5.52 program. Fragment sequencing according to Sanger was performed on a 3500 XL genetic analyzer in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Nucleotide sequence homology was assessed using the BLAST algorithm and the GenBank NCBI database.Results and discussion. An analysis of the structural organization of IncP and GI-3 genomic islands has been carried out in B. suis strains of various biovars. It has been established that in strains of B. suis II, IV biovars and B. canis, the terminal part of the BRA0368 gene, comprising 21 nucleotides (repeated in the BRA0367 gene) and the “TAA” stop codon, as well as almost the entire sequence of the BRA0367 gene were lost, owing to homologous recombination in the IncP genome island. A 21-nucleotide direct repeat and the “TGA” stop codon of the BRA0367 gene replaced the analogous region of the BRA0368 gene which resulted in the deletion the size of 185 bp. No differences have been noted in the structure of GI-3 in biovars. The evidence obtained made it possible to develop the approach (SuisDIF) for differentiating B. suis biovars, based on the amplification of genes located in the IncP and GI-3 genomic islands using real-time PCR. Its specificity was confirmed in the study of B. suis strains from the fund of the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”. The conducted studies expand and supplement the data on the genetic heterogeneity of Brucella species and biovars. The proposed method for differentiating biovars of B. suis using multilocus PCR with real-time registration of results enhances the capacities for Brucella identification using molecular-genetic methods

Терапевтический аферез в комплексной патогенетической терапии анти-NMDA-энцефалита, ассоциированного с тератомой яичника на позднем этапе заболевания

Anti‑NMDA encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by the synthesis of autoantibodies to the NR1/NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor, characterized by the development of acute mental, cognitive, motor, autonomic disorders, epileptic syndrome and central hypoventilation.The article presents a three‑year observation of patient 34 years old with anti‑NMDA ncephalitis associated with late‑ stage ovarian teratoma, accompanied by an increase titer of antibodies to NMDA receptors in serum to 1:640.Based on a detailed analysis of clinical, neurological, neuropsychological (MMSE, MoСA, FAB, 10 words test A.R. Luria) and laboratory‑instrumental characteristics of the disease (titer anti‑NMDA, level of IgG, IgM, IgA, lymphocyte subpopulations, EEG, MRI of the brain, pelvis) suggested a combination scheme of first and second line therapy. The sequential use of two cycles of medium‑volume membrane plasmapheresis (25–30 % of the circulating plasma volume, No. 5 + 5) was carried out in combination with pulse therapy with methylprednisolone 1.0 (No. 4 + 3) and cyclophasphamide 1.0 (No. 2 + 1) on background of persistent ovarian teratoma. Symptom regression was achieved by the end of the first cycle, and full recovery to the initial level of cognitive functions occurred after the second cycle, while maintaining the anti‑NMDA antibody titer to 1:160. After removal of ovarian teratoma, the level of anti‑NMDA decreased in a month to 1:40, and after 7 months it reached normal values (&lt;1:10) against the background of basic pill therapy with methotrexate 12.5 mg/week.Thus, a rational combination and sequence of first and second line therapy and therapeutic apheresis, taking into account the pathogenetic features of each phase of the disease, can quickly achieve complete stable remission in patient with anti‑NMDA encephalitis.Анти‑NMDA‑энцефалит является редким аутоиммунным заболеванием центральной нервной системы, обусловленным синтезом аутоантител к NR1/NR2‑субъединицам NMDA‑рецептора и характеризующимся развитием острых психических проявлений, когнитивных, двигательных, вегетативных расстройств, эпилептического синдрома и центральной гиповентиляции.В статье представлено 3‑летнее наблюдение пациентки 34 лет с клиническими проявлениями NMDA‑энцефалита, ассоциированного с тератомой яичника на поздней стадии заболевания, сопровождающегося повышением титра антител к NMDA‑рецепторам в сыворотке крови до 1:640.На основании детального анализа клинико‑неврологических, нейропсихологических (MMSE, МоСА, FAB, тест 10 слов А.Р. Лурия) и лабораторно‑инструментальных характеристик заболевания (титр анти‑NMDA, уровни IgG, IgМ, IgА, субпопуляционный состав лимфоцитов, электроэнцефалография (ЭЭГ), магнитно‑резонансная томография (МРТ) головного мозга, малого таза) применена схема комбинации средств 1‑й и 2‑й линий терапии. Проводилось последовательное применение 2 циклов мембранного среднеобъемного плазмафереза (25–30 % объема циркулирующей плазмы, №5 + 5) в сочетании с пульс‑терапией метилпреднизолоном 1,0 г (№4 + 3) и циклофосфамидом 1,0 г (№2 + 1) на фоне сохраняющейся тератомы яичника. Регресс симптоматики был достигнут к концу 1‑го цикла терапевтического афереза, а полное восстановление до исходного уровня когнитивных функций наступило после 2‑го цикла, при сохранении титра анти‑NMDA‑антител до 1:160. После удаления тератомы яичника уровень анти‑NMDA‑антител снизился за месяц до 1:40, а через 7 мес достиг нормальных значений (&lt;1:10) на фоне базисной терапии метотрексатом в таблетках в дозе 12,5 мг/нед.Таким образом, рациональная комбинация и последовательность средств 1‑й и 2‑й линий терапии и терапевтического афереза с учетом патогенетических особенностей каждой фазы заболевания позволила быстро достичь полной устойчивой ремиссии у пациентки с анти‑NMDA‑энцефалитом на позднем этапе заболевания